PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.